“If we only counted the number of elements in one or two of those components, we might not have gotten the numbers right.” “Using a multi-temperature thermal plasma model helped our observations because by nature, the hot atmospheres of starburst galaxies have multiple temperature components,” Mao said. It is thought to have darkened into a black hole.
With other possible causes ruled out, scientists surveyed the region surrounding the star in infrared to make sure it wasn’t hiding in interstellar dust. What was not so predictable was that it just seemed to fade into nothingness after that. At around 25 solar masses, it fits with Mao’s predictions, and it was seen brightening as it might have before a core-collapse supernova from 22 million light years away. N6946-BH1 was the first star that ever observed turning directly into a black hole. Measuring the ratios of these elements gave an idea of mass. Depending on how massive the star that went supernova was, it’s going to release different amounts of various elements. Because supernovas vomit out huge amounts of matter as well as light, he and his team were able to figure this out by looking at the elements released, such as oxygen and iron. Mao saw that instead of occurring in stars of 9-40 solar masses as previously thought, core-collapse supernovas probably only happen in stars that are 9 to anywhere between 23 and 27 solar masses. “As long as nothing is fighting back against gravity and winning, one would form a black hole during the core collapse of a massive stars.” “Massive stars above 27 solar masses might end up as black holes (there are other alternatives like faint supernovae,” he told SYFY WIRE. This is why its core collapses it and tears it to shreds. It keeps fusing heavier elements until iron, because fusion would require too much energy after that. A star that keeps fusing more and more elements needs to keep generating heat somehow. While a core-colllapse supernova is the phenomenon thought to turn most stars into black holes after their last gasp, there is a limit for how huge stars that go through this can be. New research led by Junjie Mao of Hiroshima University, recently published in Astrophysics of Galaxies, has found that there may be even more of these stars than we thought. They directly collapse into the invisible mouths of the universe, slowly drawing dust and gas and the occasional passing star towards them with their massive gravity. Those stars that do morph into black holes usually go through the death throes of a core-collapse supernova - but some are too enormous for even that. Stars that don’t go supernova or (rarely) hypernova usually collapse into black holes, but there are certain stars doomed to turn into these monsters their entire lives.
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